In 2008, the test was again revised, using more advanced methods, to the MMPI-2-RF. There is also a scale to ascertain risk factors for alcohol abuse. Responses are scored to produce a clinical profile composed of 10 scales: hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviance (social deviance), masculinity versus femininity, paranoia, psychasthenia (obsessive/compulsive qualities), schizophrenia, hypomania, and social introversion.
The original MMPI was based on a small, limited sample, composed mostly of Minnesota farmers and psychiatric patients the revised inventory was based on a more representative, national sample to allow for better standardization. One of the most widely used personality inventories is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), first published in 1943, with 504 true/false questions, and updated to the MMPI-2 in 1989, with 567 questions.